I was demonstrating Number Talks in some early years classes recently, however, and I quickly realised that while my dinosaur egg subitizing cards were a hit, the fact that they had 6/7/8 dots on them meant that they were too difficult for the classes I was working with. Chatting with the teachers afterwards, I recommended dice games. Rolling dice and beginning to recognise the familiar dot patterns on them is an excellent way to encourage subitising for all children - but especially when children are just beginning to learn to subitize. 

If your class needs practice with early subitising skills, click the link above left for a FREE sample with 2 dice games, as well as a fun Number Recognition listening activity. Like most of the math resource I've been making this year, these are all dinosaur themed (who doesn't love a dinosaur?).

The first dice game in this resource has children roll a single die and trace the correct numeral. Easy, fun counting - but eventually subitising - practice. The second game has children practice adding one to the number they've rolled. Children may well start by counting the dots each roll, but they'll soon progress to recognising the dot patterns and the associated number. 

The listening activity that is also included is always a favourite, and it lets you target both number recognition and listening skills. You call out a number and a color (instructions are given, although you can always make up your own), and  the children have to trace (or colour) that number using the color you've specified. 

If you like these free sample games and the listening activity, the complete (60+ page)resource is available by clicking on the first picture on the left below:

My Early Years classes have always loved dinosaurs, and this year is no exception. So Numbers to 10 with Dinosaurs has been updated and is ready to go! 

As always, when children are working with numbers, they need both concrete practice (with manipulatives) and representational (picture) practice - and both should be linked to the abstract (the numeral itself). 

I love Dot Cards in the Early Years - they are such a powerful way to build number sense in young children (see any of my Number Talk posts - and go here if you want a FREE set of dot cards for your own class). I also wanted my classes to have practice with Numbers to 10 at a concrete level - how to do both? 

Well - you can have your class make their own Dot Cards for each number, cutting out and coloring Dinosaur Eggs to fill 10 frames in different ways. The act of cutting out and moving the eggs makes this activity concrete, rather than purely representational - something we should always be looking to do where possible. As an added bonus, classes get some fine motor practice as well! 

My T-Rex Numbers to 10 booklet (picture at the top) has always been a great 'fast finisher' job. There are 2 pages for each number, and it works really well printed as a booklet. Detailed instructions are given in the file if you want smaller booklets, with only 1 of the 2 pages (so you don't have to think about which pages to print yourself!). 

Every early years classroom I've taught in has had children who needed different levels of support and challenge. And that can be tricky! Over the years, I've made a variety of different Numbers to 10 Dinosaur-themed printables that let children practice different skills, depending on where they are in their own development. This file has 10 different printables, which target a variety of skills and knowledge, including number recognition, number matching, number amounts, early addition and early pre-subtraction skills. And including a dinosaur or a dinosaur egg on a printable never hurts! 

I hope the start of your school year is going well! If you are interested in this Dinosaur Number to 10 pack, click on any of the pictures...

And if you haven't already started to Count the School Days, it isn't too late to begin! You can get everything you need in this (FREE!) pack. 

Many teachers are already back to school, with the rest of us soon to follow. I'm re-posting this updated (free) 'Count the Days in School' pack. If there is only one new math routine you add into your K-2 school day, this should definitely be it. 

Why? Let me count the ways! 
​
- It only takes 1-2 minutes each morning. Very quick, very easy, very effective!
- Children love it (you must find a way to keep track of who has already had a turn to add the sticker to a 10 frame or you will have arguments on your hands).
- It provides a visual representation that children are directed to each morning of both number amounts (how big a number is) and place value information (tens/units, but also hundreds if you continue to count past 100 days, which I highly recommend). 
- It provides an easy way into early years Number Talks, while also providing that important visual representation that helps kids to really 'get' numbers, how they are constructed and how they can be partitioned. 

I've updated this pack to make it slightly easier to print and cut out. I've also included 3 pages of Number Talk ideas for the 3 different stages (K-2 / P1-3 / Reception-Year 2).

The main title for this display is 'We are counting the days in school'. In this pack, however, I've also included 4 additional titles that allow you to count: 
1) Days in the School Week
2) Days until Christmas
3) Days until Spring Break
4) Days until Summer

I know that there are some settings where counting smaller amounts (or more repetition of early counting skills) is important, so hopefully these additional sign options will help more people incorporate this routine into their classes in a way that is meaningful for their own pupils.

Welcome Back to School!

Like many teachers, I began our school year looking at place value concepts. Place value is so foundational to a child's understanding of maths that it always seems like the obvious place to start.

​Prior to this year, I've always taught in infants (K-2), so place value concepts focused mostly on 0-100, stretching to 1000 when I taught P3 (2nd grade/Year 2). I had a few children in P3 who were ready to go to 10,000, but for the most part, the class needed to focus on developing fluency with smaller numbers. To develop deep understanding of place value (like any maths concept), children need to follow the concrete - representational - abstract progression. So - cue getting out lots of cubes, counters, base 10 materials, etc during my infant years.

​But this year, I've moved to P5, so I needed to teach place value to 10,000 and 100,000 for some of my class. This is much more difficult to do at the concrete level - even having bought a class room set of Base 10 materials before I started teaching, I still only have 3 thousand cubes. And even if I hoard all the thousand cubes in the entire school (not that I even considered doing that!), I still could only model working with 10,000 for my class - I couldn't give each child a set of Base 10 materials that would allow them practise building these numbers themselves. What to do?

​As you can see from the above picture - I decided to make sets of Base 10 cards for my class. Granted, it's representational, rather than concrete - but that's still better than working only with the abstract concepts. I have made 12 sets of these cards (20 of each Base 10 value), so the children can use them with partners (I have 23 children in my class at the moment). I made an additional set for my magnetic white board by simply adding magnetic tape to the back of each card (several of the girls in my class take it on themselves to organise any cards I've used at the end of each maths lesson, so they stay relatively neat!).

I use these cards to give kids a visual representation of any 'number talk' equation I'm asking them to solve. This allows them to see that when you have 5 hundreds and you take away 3 hundreds, you have 2 hundreds left, etc. Having the visual available can help take some of the mystery out of working with larger numbers.

​Making the sets took a bit of time at the beginning of the year, but it's all easily guillotine-able, so it isn't as bad as it looks! And once the sets are made, you have them - so far, my sets seem to be holding up pretty well. Having 1 set between 2 children can seem like a lot, especially if you have a larger class. However, if you have your class work in groups, you could probably get away with making fewer sets.

​If you think these would be helpful in your own class, you can get the file by clicking on either picture.

Part of my morning routine for the past few years has been counting the days in school with my little ones. We've then borrowed the American '100 days of school' celebration idea and as an infant department, had a 'maths morning' in which we celebrated all things '100'.

​This blog post gives a good overview of how I used this routine with younger children. It is wonderful for building number sense. If you are interested, you can click on the '100 days of school templates' picture above and download everything you need to make this simple routine part of your school morning as well.

I'm teaching Primary 5 (equivalent of 4th grade in the States or Year 4 in England) this year, however, so if I wanted to keep this routine, I needed to vary it a bit so that it was a productive use of class time. I love the routine (and you always have kiddos who benefit from reinforcement of simple place value concepts, even in P5), so at the beginning of the year, I thought about how I could extend this idea to develop my class's mathematical thinking.

At the moment, there are 2 main ways I'm using my 'count the days' ten frames.

First, we are consolidating our ability to get to the next multiple of 100 quickly and accurately. We all know how important it is for children to know their number bonds to 10. But getting to the next multiple of 100 is an equally important skill - and children often find it tricky.

​In the 'Counting the Days' set up to the left, we need 98 more days to get to 100. When we left school last Friday to start our 2 week October break (which is one of the reasons I'm finally finding the time to add a blog post), we had counted 37 days in school, which means we need 63 more days to get to 100.

​This daily practice getting to the next 100 is important. While many in my class understand how to do this, we still have more-frequent-than-I-would-like mistakes where the 'tens' add up to 100 because we forget that the digits in the units place also add to 10, making the last group of 10 that we need. Seeing the dots laid out on the 10 frames gives the kids a visual reminder that we need 9 tens in the tens place, because our final group of 10 will come from adding the units together.​

We are also using our 'Count the Days' routine to start thinking about and visualising decimal numbers. Our maths slot is right before lunch most days - once we reach lunchtime, we have completed half of our school day. So when I remember (which isn't every day!), we add half a dot just before lunch to represent the half day we have completed. We then write the total number of school days as both a mixed AND  decimal number. So if we have been in school for 36 1/2 days, that is also 36.5 days (and we read that as 36 and 5 tenths days, rather than 36 point 5 days).

​When we looked at place value at the beginning of the year, we talked about the first decimal place to the right of the decimal point, and how that showed us how many 'tenths' of one thing we had. We've also discussed how, in order to talk about part of a school day as a decimal, we have to divide one day up into 10 equal parts - and at our lunch break, 5 of those equal parts have passed, and we have 5 parts left. This is an idea that I reinforce most days when we add our 1/2 day. Repetition within a context that makes sense is great for developing number sense!

To give the kids a visual representation of the idea of 'tenths' of one day, I've made up the following fractional cards (below), which I've cut out, laminated and put on a scrapbooking ring (click on the picture below to get your own set). There are squares representing each tenth. I've made these into A3 size cards, but you can size them up or down as needed, as the file is a Powerpoint document and editable.

​If you are also counting the days of school with your class and have different ways you use this routine to extend their mathematical understanding, I'd love to hear your ideas in the comments!

When we start our different calculations on our 'Number of the Day', I have kids give me a 'thumbs up' (with their thumb placed right on their chest, so no arms waving in the air) if they think they know the answer to a given question. Then I take several different answers.

When another child gives an answer, I ask the class to either 1) keep their 'thumbs up' on their chest if they got a different answer or 2) give me the 'me, too' sign if they got the same answer. The 'me, too' sign is just making a 'hang 10' sign with your hand (from a fist, stick out your thumb and pinky fingers), and moving it from your chest outwards and back again). That way, I can see who is getting the right (or wrong!) answers. The idea with this routine is that EVERY child is expected to come up with an answer (and show that they have an answer by giving me a 'thumbs up'). We want everyone to be thinking!

The picture above is our first day - I wouldn't normally use quite as many cards, but I wanted to get a picture of what kinds of problems they were used to, and what was less familiar.

The picture below is our 'Number of the Day' from this morning.

Our number was 11, and we answered a few simple questions about 11, as you can see. We doubled 11 (they did that easily), then we doubled 22 - which was a bit trickier for some, but when we did it with our base 10 magnets on the white board, most of the kids 'got' what we were doing. In the picture, you can see the equations I wrote for doubling both 11 and 22 (with the 'expanded form' written below each number). In the picture, we've moved on to writing the expanded form for 11 (10+1), but when we were doubling both 11 and 22, I modelled what we were doing with the base 10 magnets - this makes the problem much more accessible to all of the kids, rather than only the kids who are comfortable working with the abstract equation.

Tomorrow, we'll add in our 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' pages.

If you'd like the 'Number of the Day' pack yourself, you can get it here. It is geared at Primary 1-3, stretching into P4, with the basic questions K-3 in the States), but it can easily be adapted to suit older stages as well (instead of giving them 11 to work with, you can give them 1147!).

Back to School is definitely here! One of the routines I like to start at the beginning of the year is 'Counting the Days of School'.

This is borrowed from the States, where many schools count each day they are in school, and then celebrate when they reach Day 100. That usually happens some time in February - and who doesn't need a reason to celebrate in cold, dark February?!

Along with providing some much needed cheer, however, this routine is wonderful for building number sense in our littlest learners. Last year, all of the classes in our infant department set up ‘100 Days of School’ displays, and we all counted how many days we’d been in school that year by adding a new dot into a 10 frame each morning. 

This routine is very simple and takes very little time, yet it gives children a very real sense of the size of different numbers, as well as reinforcing place value concepts. My Primary 1s (kindergarteners) did not have difficulties this year with figuring out the difference between 26 and 62 – using the ‘Counting the Days’ display gave them daily concrete experience with the reason why numbers in the 20s have 2 groups of 10, while numbers in the 60s have 6 groups of 10. And almost all of my P1s could easily read numbers beyond 100 at the end of the year (this is not something that could be said for my Primary 1s before I started this particular routine!).

This file includes a Title for your display, a page of 10 frames (just copy them to get the number  of frames that you need),and number cards for the decade numbers from 0-200. I use these cards to label each 10 frame once we fill it up. You can see this in the picture below to the left – this was my display last year. To the right, you'll see 3 images from the file you can download - as you can tell, I've given the display a bit of a face lift!

There are also some blank number cards (you can see these after the '90' below) – these are for writing the day’s number when you are NOT on the decade. For example, when you reach day 16, you would have the ‘10’ card next to the first 10 frame, then rub out ’15’ that you wrote on the blank card the day before, and change it to ‘16’. The card with ‘16’ written on it would then go next to the 10 frame that has 6 dots (in the picture, the last card says ‘177’ because that is how many dots total there are). There are number cards (counting by 10) in this pack going up to 200, as I found it was helpful to keep counting after we'd had our 100 day celebration.

Well - we're back from a last minute holiday to Northern Ireland (arrived home late last night), and I have a fair amount to do before I'm ready for our in-service day tomorrow, and pupils arriving on Tuesday (eek!). But since it's been a week, I wanted to write a short post about a different approach to Number of the Day that I'm planning to try out this year.

Last year, 'Number of the Day' was a mental maths routine for my Primary 1 (kindergarten) class. It will still be a mental maths routine on some days this year, but I want to introduce 'Maths Journaling' into our maths block, and I'm hoping to incorporate our Number of the Day routine into that.

I really like the idea of Maths Journaling - getting kids to write about their mathematical thinking. The K-5 Math Teaching Resources website has a great explanation of what Maths Journaling is.

In their journals, we want children to be thinking mathematically, in an open ended way. Many of the 'Number of the Day' cards ask closed questions, but for getting started with Maths Journaling, with a new class who has never done it before, that's OK with me. :-) Once we have established our oral 'Number of the Day' routine, it will hopefully be fairly straightforward to transfer that into written form in our journals.

With P1s, I usually only used 4 cards per day (sometimes 5 or 6), but with P3s, I might eventually use more (we'll see how it goes). But if, as an example, I had the above 7 cards up (taking out the '100 less' for now!), I would ask children to draw the following simple grid in their journals (we can probably get some fraction thinking out of that!):

I know many of the 'Number of the Day' routines you find on-line have photocopied sheets with a variety of number tasks, similar to the ones you see on my cards above. But I'm always looking for ways to use journals, rather than photocopies - it makes my life easier (I have less copying and less filing to do) and it's more eco-friendly.



Additionally, it's much easier to see the progression in what the children are doing, as everything is naturally in date order in a journal (once you train your class to NOT skip pages!). Using a journal rather than a static photocopied sheet also lets you more easily change the maths skills you want to focus on and practice that day. Rather than making up and photocopying a separate sheet of paper, with different skills to practice, you can just change the cards you have up on your Number of the Day board.

After drawing the grid, the children would then fill in the answers for each card, beginning with the cards at the top. If this is already an established oral routine, then hopefully it will transfer into journals fairly easily (although that is never guaranteed, of course). The finished page would look something like this:

Once the 'Number of the Day' journaling is established, I plan to add in more of the 'open ended' journal questions. So on a separate page, the class might be asked to write and illustrate an answer to a question like:

Sally had 25 chocolate bars, she gave some to a friend and kept some for herself. How many did she give away and how many did she have left?

This kind of question is asking children to decompose 25, of course - which is a task they will be familiar with from the 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' sheets in our mental maths routine.

I'll let you know how it goes once school is back, and we get this up and running!

In the States, the idea is that you count the first 100 days of school. On the 100th day there is a big celebration, with lots of activities based on 100.

Our infant department did '100 days of school' this year, and I'm pretty sure everyone enjoyed our 'celebration' (who doesn't like to make chocolate wheeto necklaces with 100 cheerios?). But in Primary 1, we carried on counting - this picture is from yesterday, when we hit Day 177. 

In this simple addition to our morning routine, place value and reading numbers to 100 and beyond is reinforced every single day. I like using the ten frames to keep track, as we use them often during maths rotations.

Little ones need repetition so much - especially for tricky maths concepts like place value. Luckily, they also LOVE repetition, so even though I am mightily tired of counting beyond 100, they are still tuned in!

As part of our mental maths, and before we get to dot cards, my class and I count how many days we've been in school that year. This is a fabulous idea I've borrowed from the American teaching blogs I follow.

We don't just add a dot to our ten frame and change the number on our counting wall, though. I have magnetic Base 10 materials that we use to make the number from the previous day, and then add 1 to it. When we have the time, 4 kiddos get to be involved in this process (one to make 177, another to add 1 to it and finish the equation, one to add another dot to our counting wall and one to change the counting wall number).

I'd love to hear how you develop number sense in your classroom. And any ideas on how I can use and/or adapt this routine for older children would be very much appreciated!